Introduction: According to WHO infertility is primary if there is failure of conception despite two years of cohabitation while it is secondary if a couple fails to conceive following a previous pregnancy, despite two years of cohabitation and exposure to pregnancy (in the absence of contraception, breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhea). Objective: This study helps to evaluate the possible reasons of primary as well as secondary infertility in rural and urban areas of Delhi NCR, India. Material & Method: 521 women were screened and included in the study having history of either type of infertility. Results and Discussion: Amongst many valid reasons for infertility in women some new findings, although not significant, but may be a possible use of NSAIDs (5.56%) for one or other reason which may disturb normal ovulation cycle or process of ovulation. 7.86% women were suffering from PCOS, 52.19% women with case of tube blockage due to genital or other form of tuberculosis or Sexually Transmitted Infections, STIs. Hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism, which affected 34.35% females are some another factors for such a high incidence of infertility in this region. Conclusion: This study provides an insight view for major causes of infertility. Primary infertility with genital infection led tube blockage is one the leading factor for female infertility in Delhi NCR.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, involving group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. Many classes of antiepileptic drugs are being prescribed and used by the stake holders but most of them are associated with serious side effects and toxicity. There is a strong need of new antiepileptic molecules with less side effects and toxicity. Objective: A series of aryl acid hydrazones of Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (RINH1 -RINH14) were synthesized and evaluated for Anticonvulsant activity. Material and Method: Compounds (RINH1 -RINH14) were synthesized by refluxing Isonicotinic acid hydrazide with different substituted benzaldehydes/ substituted acetophenones in absolute ethanol. Melting points of all synthesized compounds were monitored by open glass-capillary tube method on Digital Melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticonvulsant potential using MES and scPTZ whereas neurotoxicity was determined using Rotarod model. Result and Discussion: At 100mg/kg compound RINH10 have shown 29% protection at both 0.5hr and 4.0 time interval .At 300mg/kg and 0.5 hr, compounds RINH4 and RINH10 showed 100% and 50 % protection respectively. Compounds RINH4 and RINH10 have better anti MES activity proving that halogens have prominent contribution in Anticonvulsant activity. In scPTZ screen, all synthesized Acid hydrazone (RINH1- RINH14 ) did not show any protection at 30, 100,300 mg/kg , at 0.5 hr and 4.0 hr duration .In rotorod test i.e neurotoxicity screen, compound RINH5, RINH6 , RINH10 have shown toxicity. Conclusion: The synthesized new molecules were proved to be having anticonvulsant activity with less signs of neurotoxicity.

Introduction: Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae), commonly known as Bael, is a tree of Indian origin, well known from ancient period and prescribed for various ailments in Ayurveda. Utilization of bael fruit in day-to-day life has a great nutritional, environmental as well as commercial importance. Every part of Aegle marmelos including stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity posses medicinal virtues and has been used in Ethno medicine to exploit its medicinal properties. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos unripe or half ripe fruits. Material and Methods: The antioxidant activity was done by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 (The concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of DPPH free radical) was calculated by plotting graph between % inhibition vs concentration. The ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant. Result and Discussion: The IC50 value of extract and ascorbic acid was found to be 62.59µg/ml and 2.80µg/ml. The antioxidant activity found in Aegle marmelos may be associated with their main phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Conclusion: This activity supports that the fruit can be used as natural antioxidant to treat free radical induced cellular damages and can also be used as adjuvant with other drugs to give synergistic effects.

Introduction: The oral transmucosal Timolol maleate delivery bypasses liver and avoids presystemic elimination in the gastro intestinal tract and liver which enhance the bioavailability as well decreases the adverse effect. Objective: The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patch of Timolol maleate because Timolol maleate has biphasic solubility hence relatively permeated through buccal mucosa, which is well supplied with both vascular and lymphatic drainage. Material and Method: The mucoadhesive buccal patches of Timolol maleate were prepared by solvent casting technique using polymers like Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose-15cps and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The formulated films were evaluated for their physiochemical parameters like surface pH, percentage moisture absorption, swelling percentage, thickness, folding endurance and drug content. In vitro permeation and in vitro release studies were performed with pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution. Result and Discussion: The patches exhibited controlled release for more than 12 h. The in vitro release data were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain release profiles. The kinetic models used were zero order, first order higuchi’s and peppa’s. The best mucoadhesive performance and matrix controlled release was exhibited by the formulation CK2 (3 % HPMC and 1 % PVP). Conclusion: Good results were obtained both in physico chemical characteristics and in vitro studies in formulation CK2. Hence the formulations of Timolol maleate bioadhesive buccal patch is a promising one as the controlled drug delivery with improved bioavailability.

Introduction: The Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) are one of the nuclear fatty acid receptors, which contain a type II zinc finger DNA binding pattern and a hydrophobic ligand binding pocket. These receptors are thought to play an essential role in metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary artery disease. Therefore Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptor (PPAR?) activators have drawn great recent attention in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prompting several attempts to discover and optimize new PPAR? activators. Objective: The aim of the study was to finding new selective human PPAR? (PPAR?) modulators that are able to improve glucose homeostasis with reduced side effects compared with TZDs and identify the specific molecular descriptor and structural constraint to improve the agonist activity of PPAR? analogs. Material and Method: Software’s that was used for this study include S.P. Gupta QSAR software (QSAR analysis), Valstat (Comparative QSAR analysis and calculation of L-O-O, Q2, r2, Spress), BILIN (Comparative QSAR analysis and calculation of Q2, r, S, Spress, and F), etc., allowing directly performing statistical analysis. Then multiple linear regression based QSAR software (received from BITS-Pilani, India) generates QSAR equations. Result and Discussion: In this study, we explored the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) study of a series of meta-substituted Phenyl-propanoic acids as Peroxisome Proliferators Gamma activated receptor agonists (PPAR?). The activities of meta-substituted Phenyl-propanoic acids derivatives correlated with various physicochemical, electronic and steric parameters. Conclusion: The identified QSAR models highlighted the significance of molar refractivity and hydrophobicity to the biological activity.

Oral prolonged release systems are manufactured to release the drug in-vivo with privies to enhance bioavailability, diminish untoward effects and enhance effectiveness of drugs. Microballoons or hollow microspheres are anticipated to persist buoyant in a permanent way upon the gastric ingredients. The various formulations comprise unfilled microspheres, powders, capsules, tablets and laminated films. Micro-balloons are distinctly attaining attention due to their immense significance in the drug targeting to the stomach. These floating micro-balloons have the convenience that they stay buoyant and circulate uniformly over the gastric ingredients to refrain the variations of gastric emptying and release the drug for extended period of time. Multiparticulate particles of low density can efficiently prolong the gastric retention time of drugs. This article provides an insight of fabrication and methods of evaluation of micro-balloons.

Oral prolonged release systems are manufactured to release the drug in-vivo with privies to enhance bioavailability, diminish untoward effects and enhance effectiveness of drugs. Microballoons or hollow microspheres are anticipated to persist buoyant in a permanent way upon the gastric ingredients. The various formulations comprise unfilled microspheres, powders, capsules, tablets and laminated films. Micro-balloons are distinctly attaining attention due to their immense significance in the drug targeting to the stomach. These floating micro-balloons have the convenience that they stay buoyant and circulate uniformly over the gastric ingredients to refrain the variations of gastric emptying and release the drug for extended period of time. Multiparticulate particles of low density can efficiently prolong the gastric retention time of drugs. This article provides an insight of fabrication and methods of evaluation of micro-balloons.